Human Computer Interaction, foundations and new paradigms

Alan Dix

School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, UK
Talis, Birmingham, UK

Article to appear in JVLC, special issue in Honour of Stefano Levialdi.

Download draft paper (PDF, 1.53M)


Abstract

This paper explores the roots of human computer interaction as a discipline, the various trends which have marked its development and some of the current and future challenges for research. Human–computer interaction, like any vocational discipline, sits upon three broad foundations: theoretical principles, professional practice and a community of people. As an interdisciplinary field the theoretical roots of HCI encompass a number of other disciplines including psychology and computing, ergonomics, and social sciences; however, it also has theoretical and practical challenges of its own. The evolving internal and external context of HCI computers have become smaller and less costly, this has led to changes in nature of the users and uses of computers, with corresponding impact on society. The paper explores the current challenges of computers from the cloud to digital fabrication and the need to design for solitude. It suggests that HCI cannot just react to the changes around it, but also shape those changes.

Keywords: human–computer interaction; history, ubiquitous computing; cloud-computing; design for solitude; digital fabrication.

 

 

References

  1. [AS94] Ahlberg, C., Shneiderman, B.: Visual information seeking: tight coupling of dynamic query filters with starfield displays. Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems: celebrating interdependence. pp. 313–317. ACM, New York, NY, USA (1994).
  2. [AM08]  von Ahn, L., Maurer, B., McMillen, C., Abraham, D. and M. Blum, M. (2008). reCAPTCHA: Human-Based Character Recognition via Web Security Measures. Science, 321(5895):1465–1468
  3. [AI77] Christopher Alexander; Sara Ishikawa; Murray Silverstein (1977).  A Pattern Language : towns, buildings, construction.  Oxford University Press. https://archive.org/details/APatternLanguage
  4. [Al79] Christopher Alexander (1979). The Timeless Way of Building. Oxford University Press.  https://archive.org/details/TheTimelessWayOfBuilding
  5. [AP12] Arnold, K. and Pistilli, M. 2012. Course signals at Purdue: using learning analytics to increase student success. In Proc. of the 2nd International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge (LAK '12). ACM, NY, USA, 267-270. doi:10.1145/2330601.2330666
  6. [Ar09]  W. Brian Arthur (2009). The Nature of Technology. Penguin
  7. [Ba14] Naina Bajekal (2014). Uber Charged 4 Times Its Usual Rate During Sydney Hostage Siege. Time, Dec. 15, 2014
  8. [Ba85]  P. Barnard. Interacting cognitive subsystems: a psycholinguistic approach to short-term memory. In A. Ellis, editor, Progress in the Psychology of Language, volume 2, chapter 6. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hove, 1985.
  9. [Ba88]  George Basalla (1988) The Evolution of Technology.  Cambridge University Press
  10. [BM10]  David Benyon and Oli Mival. 2010. From human-computer interactions to human-companion relationships. In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Intelligent Interactive Technologies and Multimedia (IITM '10), M. D. Tiwari, R. C. Tripathi, and Anupam Agrawal (Eds.). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 1-9. DOI=http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1963564.1963565
  11. [BJ11]  Nathalie Le Bigot and Wolfgang Jaschinski. 2011. Hand position at computer screens: effect on visual processing. In Proceedings of the 29th Annual European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics (ECCE '11). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 85-88. doi: 10.1145/2074712.2074730
  12. [BS04]  Richard Boardman and M. Angela Sasse. 2004. "Stuff goes into the computer and doesn't come out": a cross-tool study of personal information management. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '04). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 583-590. DOI: 10.1145/985692.985766
  13. [Ba01]  Jan Borchers (2001).  A Pattern Approach to Interaction Design. Wiley.
  14. [Bo14]  Zachary Davies Boren (2014).  There are officially more mobile devices than people in the world.  The Independent, Tuesday 7 October 2014. http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/there-are-officially-more-mobile-devices-than-people-in-the-world-9780518.html
  15. [Br14] Kristen V. Brown (2014). S.F. startup Telerivet's SMS could help developing nations. SFGate, San Francisco Chronicle, July 15, 2014. http://www.sfgate.com/technology/article/S-F-startup-Telerivet-s-SMS-could-help-5622382.php
  16. [Bu45]    V. Bush. As we may think. Atlantic Monthly, 176(1):101–8, 1945
  17. [Ca91] William Calvin (1991). The Ascent of Mind: Ice Age Climates and the Evolution of Intelligence. Bantam Books.
  18. [CM86]  Card, S. K. ; Moran, T. P. ; Newell, A. The model human processor: an engineering model for human performance. Handbook of Perception and Human Performance. NY: Wiley; 1986; 2: 45-1-35.
  19. [CS13] Tom Carter, Sue Ann Seah, Benjamin Long, Bruce Drinkwater, Sriram Subramanian, Ultrahaptics: Multi-Point Mid-Air Haptic Feedback for Touch Surfaces. UIST'13. October 2013.
  20. [CF09] Chandler, A., Finney, J., Lewis, C. and Dix, A (2009). Toward emergent technology for blended public displays.  Ubicomp '09: Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Ubiquitous computing. New York, NY, USA: ACM, p. 101-104 4 p.
  21. [CS99] P. Checkland and J. Scholes, Soft Systems Methodology in Action. John Wiley and Sons Ltd.,  Chichester, UK, 1999
  22. [Co87]  J. Conklin, Hypertext: A survey and introduction, IEEE Computer, 20 (9) :17-41, 1987
  23. [Co87]    J. Coutaz. Pac, an object oriented model for dialog design. In H. J. Bullinger and B. Shackel, editors, Human–Computer Interaction – INTERACT’87, pages 431–6. North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1987.
  24. [Cz90]M. Csikszentmihályi, Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience. Harper & Row, 1990
  25. [Cy91] A. Cypher. Eager: Programming repetitive tasks by example. In Reaching through Technology – CHI’91 Conference Proceedings, pages 33–9. ACM Press, New York, 1991.
  26. [DF06]  Dearden, Andy and Finlay, J. (2006). Pattern languages in HCI: a critical review. Human computer interaction, 21 (1), 49-102.
  27. [DS04]  Diaper, D., & Stanton, N. (Eds.) (2004). The Handbook of Task Analysis for Human-Computer Interaction. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  28. [Dx90] A. J. Dix (1990).  Information processing, context and privacy.  Human-Computer Interaction - INTERACT'90, Ed. D. G. D. Diaper G. Cockton & B. Shakel. North-Holland. 15-20.
  29. [Di91]  A. J. Dix (1991). Formal methods for interactive systems.  London: Academic Press.  http://www.hiraeth.com/books/formal/
  30. [Dx92] A. Dix (1992). Human issues in the use of pattern recognition techniques. In Neural Networks and Pattern Recognition in Human Computer Interaction Eds. R. Beale and J. Finlay. Ellis Horwood. 429-451. http://alandix.com/academic/papers/neuro92/neuro92.html
  31. [Dx95]  A. J. Dix (1995).  Cooperation without (reliable) Communication: Interfaces for Mobile Applications. Distributed Systems Engineering, 2(3): pp. 171-181.
  32. [DM97]  A. Dix, R. Mancini and S. Levialdi (1997).  Communication, action and history.  Proceedings of CHI'97. Atlanta, USA, ACM Press.  http://alandix.com/academic/papers/chi97/ajd.htm
  33. [DM97b]  A. Dix, R. Mancini and S. Levialdi (1997).  The cube - extending systems for undo.  Proceedings of DSVIS'97, Granada, Spain, Eurographics. pp 473-495. http://alandix.com/academic/papers/dsvis97/
  34. [DR00]  A. Dix, R. Beale and A. Wood (2000).  Architectures to make Simple Visualisations using Simple Systems.  Proceedings of Advanced Visual Interfaces - AVI2000, ACM Press, pp. 51-60.
  35. [Dx02] A. Dix (2002). Beyond Intention - pushing boundaries with incidental interaction. Proceedings of Building Bridges: Interdisciplinary Context-Sensitive Computing, Glasgow University, 9 Sept 2002.  http://alandix.com/academic/papers/beyond-intention-2002/
  36. [Di03]  Dix, A. (2003).  A Cybernetic Understanding of Fitts' Law.  HCI Book online!. http://www.hcibook.com/e3/online/fitts-cybernetic/
  37. [Dx10] A. Dix.  Human-Computer Interaction: a stable discipline, a nascent science, and the growth of the long tail. Interacting with Computers, 22(1), 2010, 13-27.  http://alandix.com/academic/papers/IwC-LongFsch-HCI-2010/
  38. [DS10]  A. Dix and C. Sas (2010) Mobile Personal Devices meet Situated Public Displays: Synergies and Opportunities. International Journal of Ubiquitous Computing (IJUC), 1(1), pp. 11-28.  http://www.hcibook.com/alan/papers/MPD-SPD-2010/
  39. [DS10b]  A. Dix, S. Subramanian (2010). IT for Sustainable Growth. Journal of Technology Management for Growing Economies. 1(1), pp. 35-54. http://alandix.com/academic/papers/IT-Sustainable-Growth-2010/
  40. [Dx11] Alan Dix. 2011. A shifting boundary: the dynamics of internal cognition and the web as external representation. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Web Science Conference (WebSci '11). ACM, New York, NY, USA, , Article 9 , 8 pages. DOI: 10.1145/2527031.2527056  http://alandix.com/academic/papers/websci2011-int-ext-cog/
  41. [Dx11b] A. Dix (2011).  The Personal Information Environment beyond the Personal Computer. Keynote i-USEr 2010, Shah Alam and Subang Jaya, 30th November 2011.  http://alandix.com/academic/talks/iUser-2011-keynote-personal-inf-env/
  42. [DP11] Alan Dix, Margit Pohl and Geoffrey Ellis (2011).  Chapter 7: Perception and Cognitive Aspects. In Mastering the Information Age Solving Problems with Visual Analytics, Daniel Keim, Jörn Kohlhammer, Geoffrey Ellis and Florian Mansmann (eds). Eurographics Association,  pp. 109–130.  http://www.vismaster.eu/book/
  43. [Dx13] A. Dix (2013).  The Walk: exploring the technical and social margins. Keynote APCHI 2013 / India HCI 2013, Bangalore India, 27th September 2013.  http://alandix.com/academic/talks/APCHI-2013/
  44. [Di14] Dix, A. (2014).  Open Data Islands and Communities. available at: http://tireetechwave.org/projects/open-data-islands-and-communities/
  45. [Di15] A. Dix (2015). Citations and Sub-Area Bias in the UK Research Assessment Process. In Workshop on Quantifying and Analysing Scholarly Communication on the Web (ASCW'15) at WebSci 2015 on June 30th in Oxford.  http://ascw.know-center.tugraz.at/2015/05/26/dix-citations-and-sub-areas-bias-in-the-uk-research-assessment-process/
  46. [DL15]  A. Dix and J. Leavesley (2015).  Learning Analytics for the Academic: An Action Perspective. In Journal of Universal Computer Science (JUCS), 21(1):48-65.
  47. [DE15] Dix, A., & Ellis, G. (2015). The Alan walks Wales dataset: Quantified Self and Open Data. In J. Atenas & L. Havemann (Eds.), Open Data As Open Educational Resources: Case Studies of Emerging Practice. London: Open Knowledge, Open Education Working Group.  doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1590031
  48. [DG17] Dix, A. and Gill, S. (with Ramduny, R. and Hare, J.) (2017).  TouchIT Oxford University Press (forthcoming).
  49. [DD11] Jakub Dostal and Alan Dix (2011).  Tiree Tech Wave. Interfaces, Summer 2011, p.16-17.  http://tireetechwave.org/events/ttw-1/interfaces-article/
  50. [Dr86] S. Draper (1986) Display managers as the basis for user-machine communication. Chapter 16 in User Centered System Design; New Perspectives on Human-Computer Interaction, Donald A. Norman and Stephen W. Draper (eds). L. Erlbaum Assoc. Inc., Hillsdale, NJ, USA. pp. 339–352
  51. [DD12]  Dray, Susan, Andy Dearden, V Evers, Melissa Densmore, D Ramachandran, Matt Kam, Gary Marsden, N Sambasivan, Tom Smyth, D van Gruenen and N Winters (2012) Human Computer Interaction for Development: Changing HCI to Change the World, in Jacko, J (ed). The Human-Computer Interaction Handbook: Fundamentals, Evolving Technologies, and Emerging Applications, Third Edition, Chapter 61, pp.1369–1394. CRC Press.
  52. [Dr10] Drewes, Heiko (2010): Eye Gaze Tracking for Human Computer Interaction. Dissertation, LMU München: Fakultät für Mathematik, Informatik und Statistik. https://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11591/
  53. [EE68] D. Engelbart, and W. English, A research center for augmenting human intellect. AFIPS Conference Proceedings of the 1968 Fall Joint Computer Conference, San Francisco, CA, December 1968, Vol. 33, 395–410.  (available at http://history-computer.com/Library/AHI.pdf)
  54. [Es13]  Estyn (2013) The Impact of ICT on Pupils’ Learning in Primary Schools – July 2013.  Cardiff: Estyn, Her Majesty’s Chief Inspector of Education and Training in Wales.  http://www.estyn.gov.wales/thematic-reports/impact-ict-pupils-learning-primary-schools-july-2013
  55. [Fi54] P.Fitts, The information capacity of the human motor system in controlling the amplitude of movement. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 47(6), 1954, 381–391.
  56. [FA13]  Michael Fourman, Alan Alexander, et al. (2013) Spreading the Benefits of Digital Participation: An Interim Report for Consultation. Edinburgh: Royal Society of Edinburgh, pp. 22–24.
  57. [FC16]  Freecycle Network (accessed 19/1/2016)   https://www.freecycle.org/
  58. [FL90] D. Frohlich and P. Luff, Applying the technology of conversation to the technology for conversation.  Computers and Conversation. Academic Press, 1990
  59. [GL08] S. Gill, G. Loudon, A. Woolley, J. Hare, D. Walker, A. Dix and D. Ramduny‐Ellis (2008) Rapid Development of Tangible Interactive Appliances: Achieving the Fidelity/Time Balance. In Special Issue on Tangible and Embedded Interaction, International Journal of Arts and Technology, Vol. 1, No.3/4, 2008, pp. 309 ‐ 331, DOI: 10.1504/IJART.2008.022365
  60. [GC12]  Jonathan Gray, Lucy Chambers, Liliana Bounegru (2012). The Data Journalism Handbook: How Journalists Can Use Data to Improve the News. O'Reilly Media.  available online at http://datajournalismhandbook.org
  61. [Gr06]  Adam Greenfield (2006).  Everyware: The Dawning Age of Ubiquitous Computing.  New Riders.
  62. [GI04] Greenhalgh, C.M., Izadi, S., Mathrick, J., Humble, J. and Taylor, I. (2004). ECT - A Toolkit to Support Rapid Construction on Ubicomp Environments In: System Support for Ubiquitous Computing Workshop - UbiSys04.
  63. [Gr03]  Judith Gregory (2003). Scandinavian Approaches to Participatory Design. International Journal Of Engineering Education. 19(1):62–74.
  64. [Gu16]  The Guardian (2016).  datablog. Accessed 18/1/2016  http://www.theguardian.com/data
  65. [HM13] H. Haddadi, R. Mortier, D. McAuley, J. Crowcroft (2013).  Human-Data Interaction. UCAM-CL-TR-837, University of Cambridge, Computer Laboratory.  June 2013. http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/techreports/UCAM-CL-TR-837.pdf
  66. [HN09]  Halevy, A., Norvig, P. and Pereira, F. (2009). The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Data, Intelligent Systems, IEEE , vol.24, no.2, pp.8,12, March-April 2009.  doi: 10.1109/MIS.2009.36
  67. [HM15] Hawking, S., Musk, E., Wozniak, S., et al. (2015). Autonomous Weapons: an Open Letter from AI & Robotics Researchers. Future of Life Institute.  http://futureoflife.org/AI/open_letter_autonomous_weapons
  68. [HB10]  Hendler, J., & Berners-Lee, T. (2010). From the Semantic Web to social machines: A research challenge for AI on the World Wide Web. Artificial Intelligence, 174(2), 156–161. doi:10.1016/j.artint.2009.11.010
  69. [HM12] Hooper, C.J., Marie, N., Kalampokis, E. 2012. Dissecting the Butterfly: representation of disciplines publishing at the Web Science conference series. In Proceedings of the 3rd Annual ACM Web Science Conference (WebSci '12). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 137-140.
  70. [HD12]  Hooper, C.J., Dix, A. 2012. Web Science and Human-Computer Interaction: When Disciplines Collide. In Proceedings of the 3rd Annual ACM Web Science Conference (WebSci '12). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 128-136.
  71. [HD13] C. Hooper and A. Dix., Web science and human-computer interaction: forming a mutually supportive relationship. Interactions 20(3), 2013, 52–57. DOI:10.1145/2451856.2451868
  72. [Hu16] E. Hunt (2016). Tay, Microsoft's AI chatbot, gets a crash course in racism from Twitter.  The Guardian. Thursday 24 March 2016.  https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/mar/24/tay-microsofts-ai-chatbot-gets-a-crash-course-in-racism-from-twitter
  73. [IE08]  IEEE (2008). Special Report: The Singularity. Spectrum, IEEE, 45(10).  http://spectrum.ieee.org/static/singularity
     [IG15] IGF (2015). Policy Options for Connecting the Next Billion. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Internet Governance Forum 2015. (accessed 17/1/2016).  http://www.intgovforum.org/cms/policy-options-for-connection-the-next-billion
  74. [IH97] Ishii, H. and Ullmer, B. 1997. Tangible bits: towards seamless interfaces between people, bits and atoms. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems (CHI '97). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 234-241. DOI: 10.1145/258549.258715
  75. [IS00]  ISO, 2000. ISO 9241-9 International standard: Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs)--Part 9: Requirements for non-keyboard input devices: International Organization for Standardizalion.
  76. [JR89] Jeff Johnson, Teresa L. Roberts, William Verplank, David C. Smith,. Charles H. Irby, Marian Beard, and Kevin Mackey (1989). The Xerox Star: A Retrospective. IEEE Computer, 22(9):11–26. doi:10.1109/2.35211
  77. [Jo07] William Jones (2007).  Keeping Found Things Found: The Study and Practice of Personal Information Management. Morgan Kaufmann
  78. [KJ06] David R. Karger, William Jones (2006). Data unification in personal information management. Communications of the ACM, Vol. 49 No. 1, Pages 77-82  doi:10.1145/1107458.1107496
  79. [KH02] Keim, D.A., Hao, M.C., Dayal, U., Hsu, M.: Pixel Bar Charts: A Visualization Technique for Very Large Multi-Attribute Data Sets. Information Visualization Journal. 1, (2002).
  80. [KK11]  Daniel Keim, Jörn Kohlhammer, Geoffrey Ellis and Florian Mansmann (eds). (2011). Mastering the Information Age Solving Problems with Visual Analytics, Eurographics Association, ISBN 978-3-905673-77-7.  http://www.vismaster.eu/book/
  81. [KD10]  Haliyana Khalid and Alan Dix. 2010. The experience of photologging: global mechanisms and local interactions. Personal Ubiquitous Comput. 14, 3 (April 2010), 209-226. Doi: 10.1007/s00779-009-0261-4
  82. [KP88]    G. E. Krasner and S. T. Pope. A cookbook for using the model-viewcontroller user interface paradigm in Smalltalk-80. JOOP, 1(3), August, 1988.
  83. [LM98]  Stan Liebowitz and Steve Margolis. "Network Externalities (Effects)" entry in The New Palgraves Dictionary of Economics and the Law, MacMillan, 1998.  http://wwwpub.utdallas.edu/~liebowit/palgrave/network.html
  84. [LG14]  Liu, Y., Goncalves, J., Ferreira, D., Xiao, B., Hosio, S., & Kostakos, V. (2014). CHI 1994-2013: Mapping two decades of intellectual progress through co-word analysis. Proc. Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI), Toronto, Canada, 3553-3562.
  85. [LR00] Loke. S.W., Rakotonirainy, A., and Zaslavsky, A. Enabling Awareness in Dynamic Mobile Agent Environments. Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Applied Computing (SAC 2000), Como, Italy, March 2000, ACM Press.
  86. [LD89] J. Long and J. Dowell, J.  Conceptions of the discipline of HCI: craft, applied science, and engineering. In Proceedings of the Fifth Conference of the British Computer Society, Human–Computer interaction Specialist Group on People and Computers V, A. Sutcliffe and L. Macaulay, Eds. Cambridge University Press, 1989, pp.9–32.
  87. [Lo43]  Ada Lovelace (1843).  Notes on the translation of Menebrea's paper on Babbage's Analytical Engine. Published in Scientific Memoirs, Selections from The Transactions of Foreign Academies and Learned Societies and from Foreign Journals, edited by Richard Taylor, F.S.A.,Vol III London: 1843, Article XXIX. Sketch of the Analytical Engine invented by Charles Babbage Esq. By L. F. Menabrea, of Turin, Officer of the Military Engineers.  Quotation accessed 18/1/2016 from http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/tap/Files/ada-lovelace-notes.html
  88. [MS09]  Mayer-Schönberger, V. (2009).  Delete: The Virtue of Forgetting in the Digital Age.  Princeton University Press.
  89. [MD14]  A. Morgan, A. Dix, M. Phillips and C. House (2014).  Blue sky thinking meets green field usability: can mobile internet software engineering bridge the rural divide? Local Economy, September–November 2014. 29(6–7):750–761. (Published online August 21, 2014). doi: 10.1177/0269094214548399
  90. [Mo10]  Jim Motavalli (2010). The Dozens of Computers That Make Modern Cars Go (and Stop). The New York Times, Feb. 4, 2010. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/05/technology/05electronics.html
  91. [MK13]  Mueller, A., Kruck, B. and Baudisch, P. (2013).  LaserOrigami: Laser-Cutting 3D Objects. Proceedings of CHI 2013, pp. 2585-2592.
  92. [MK93]  Michael J. Muller and Sarah Kuhn. 1993. Participatory design. Commun. ACM 36, 6 (June 1993), 24-28. DOI=http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/153571.255960
  93. [Ni94]    J. Nielsen. Heuristic evaluation. In Usability Inspection Methods. John Wiley, New York, 1994.
  94. [ND86]  Donald A. Norman and Stephen W. Draper. 1986. User Centered System Design; New Perspectives on Human-Computer Interaction. L. Erlbaum Assoc. Inc., Hillsdale, NJ, USA.
  95. [No86]  Donald A. Norman 1986.  Cognitive Engineering. Chapter 3 in User Centered System Design; New Perspectives on Human-Computer Interaction, Donald A. Norman and Stephen W. Draper (eds). L. Erlbaum Assoc. Inc., Hillsdale, NJ, USA. pp. 31–61
  96. [No88] D. Norman, The Design of Everyday Things. New York: Basic Book, 1988.
  97. [No98]  Donald A. Norman (1998).  The Invisible Computer.  MIT Press.
  98. [NT15] Don Norman and Bruce Tognazzini (2105).  How Apple Is Giving Design A Bad Name.  Fast Company, November 10, 2015 (accessed 19/1/2016)  http://www.fastcodesign.com/3053406/how-apple-is-giving-design-a-bad-name
  99. [OG33]  W. F. Ogburn, and S. C. Gilfillan (1933).  The Influence Of Invention And Discovery. Chapter III in  Recent Social Trends in the United States: Report of the President's Research Committee on Social Trends. pp.122–166.  Full text available at: https://archive.org/details/recentsocialtren01unitrich
  100. [PP97]  P. Palanque and F. Paterno (eds.) (1997). Formal Methods in Human-Computer Interaction.  London, Springer-Verlag
  101. [PH85]    G. Pfaff and P. J. W. ten Hagen, editors, Seeheim Workshop on User Interface Management Systems. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1985.
  102. [PV15]  Pinder, C., Vermeulen, J., Beale, R., and Hendley, R. Exploring Nonconscious Behaviour Change Interventions on Mobile Devices. MobileHCI'15 Adjunct, ACM Press (2015).
  103. [Po81]  J. B. Postel (Ed.), Internet Protocol, IETF RFC 791, Sept. 1981.  https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc791
  104. [RE14]  Research Excellence Framework 2014. http://www.ref.ac.uk/
  105. [Ri06]  T. Rickards , Obituary: Enid Mumford, Sociologist devoted to making computers work for people. The Guardian, 3 May 2006. http://www.theguardian.com/news/2006/may/03/guardianobituaries.obituaries
  106. [RM91] Robertson, G.G., Mackinlay, J.D., Card, S.K.: Cone Trees: animated 3D visualizations of hierarchical information. Proc. CHI’91. pp. 189–194. ACM Press, New Orleans, USA (1991).
  107. [Ro15] Brishen Rogers (2015).  The Social Costs of Uber.  Online Symposium Grassroots Innovation & Regulatory Adaptation, The University of Chicago Law Review Dialogue,  (accssed 19/1/2016)https://lawreview.uchicago.edu/page/dialogue
  108. [RM13]  Rogers, Yvonne and Gary Marsden (2013) Does he take Sugar? Moving Beyond the Rhetoric of Compassion. Interactions 20(4):48-57.
  109. [Sc00]  Schmidt, A. (2000). Implicit human computer interaction through context. Personal Technologies, 4(2–3):191-199. doi: 10.1007/BF01324126
  110. [Se11]  Phoebe Sengers. 2011. What I learned on Change Islands: reflections on IT and pace of life. interactions 18, 2 (March 2011), 40-48. DOI:1925820.1925830
  111. [Sh59] B. Shackel, Ergonomics for a Computer. Design 120, 1959, 36–39. (available at http://www.idemployee.id.tue.nl/g.w.m.rauterberg/presentations/shackel-1959.PDF)
  112. [Sc83]  Shneiderman, B. (1983). Direct Manipulation: A step beyond programming languages, IEEE Computer, 16(8), 57-69.
  113. [Sh92] Shneiderman, B. (1992). Tree visualization with tree-maps: 2-d space-filling approach. ACM Trans. Graph. 11, 1 (January 1992), 92–99. doi: 10.1145/102377.115768
  114. [SP10] Shneiderman, B. and Plaisant, C., Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective Human-Computer Interaction: Fifth Edition, Addison-Wesley Publ. Co., Reading, MA (2010)
  115. [Si12]  Steven Sinofsky (2102). Designing the Windows 8 touch keyboard.  MSDN blog, Microsoft, July 17, 2012.  (accessed 19/1/2016) https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/b8/2012/07/17/designing-the-windows-8-touch-keyboard/
  116. [SK82]  David Canfield Smith, Charles Irby, Ralph Kimball, Bill Verplank and Eric Harslem (1982). Designing the Star User Interface. BYTE, April 1982, pp. 242–282
  117. [SM04] Soukoreff, R. W., & MacKenzie, I. S. (2004). Towards a standard for pointing device evaluation: Perspectives on 27 years of Fitts' law research in HCI. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 61, 751-789.
  118. [Su87]    L. Suchman. Plans and Situated Actions: The Problem of Human–Machine Interaction. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1987.
  119. [Su63] I. Sutherland. SketchPad: A man-machine graphical communication system. AFIPS Conference Proceedings 23, 1963, 323–328.
  120. [Ta15]  Erica Taschler (2015).  A Crumbling Monopoly: The Rise of Uber and the Taxi Industry’s Struggle to Survive.  Institute for Consumer Antitrust Studies, News and Views, June 2015.  Accessed 19/1/2016,  http://www.luc.edu/law/centers/antitrust/publications/news_views/
  121. [TQ09]  Lucia Terrenghi, Aaron Quigley, and Alan Dix. 2009. A taxonomy for and analysis of multi-person-display ecosystems. Personal Ubiquitous Comput. 13, 8 (November 2009), 583-598. DOI=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00779-009-0244-5
  122. [TH15]  Thanassis Tiropanis, Wendy Hall, Jon Crowcroft, Noshir Contractor, Leandros Tassiulas (2015). Network Science, Web Science, and Internet Science.  Communications of the ACM, Vol. 58 No. 8, Pages 76-82 doi:10.1145/2699416
  123. [TH90]  H. W. Thimbleby and M. D. Harrison (eds.) (1990). Formal Methods in Human-Computer Interaction.  Cambridge University Press
  124. [Th13] H. Thimbleby, “Reasons to Question Seven Segment Displays,” Proceedings ACM Conference on Computer-Human Interaction — CHI 2013, Best Paper Award, pp.1431–1440, Paris, France, ACM, DOI: 10.1145/2470654.2466190
  125. [TC05]  Thomas, J.J., Cook, K.A. (2005). Illuminating the Path: The Research and Development Agenda for Visual Analytics. IEEE Press
  126. [Th63]  Thompson, E. P. (1963), ‘The Making of the English Working Class’, Victor Gollancz Ltd.
  127. [TM15]  Turchi, T., Malizia, A. and Dix, A. (2015). Fostering the Adoption of Pervasive Displays in Public spaces using Tangible End-User Programming. IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing, At Atlanta, Georgia, US. 18-22 Oct 2015
  128. [Vi93]  Vernor Vinge, ”The Coming Technological Singularity,” Vision-21 Symposium, NASA Lewis Research Center and the Ohio Aerospace Institute, 30 to 31 March 1993.
  129. [Wa15] Ben Walker (2015) Every Day Big Data Statistics – 2.5 Quintillion Bytes Of Data Created Daily.  Virtualization and Cloud News  http://www.vcloudnews.com/every-day-big-data-statistics-2-5-quintillion-bytes-of-data-created-daily/
  130. [We16]  Webster, B. (2016). People don't need any more furniture, says, er, Ikea.  The Times, 18th Jan. 2016.
  131. [WA15]  Weichel, C., Alexander, J., Karnik, A. & Gellersen, H. (2015). Connected tools in digital design.  IEEE Pervasive Computing. 14, 2, p. 18-21 4 p.
  132. [We91]    M. Weiser. The computer of the 21st century. Scientific American, 265(3):66–75, September 1991.
  133. [Wh66]   L. White,  Medieval Technology and Social Change.  Oxford University Press, 1966.
  134. [WF86]    T. Winograd and F. Flores. Understanding Computers and Cognition: A New Foundation for Design. Addison-Wesley, New York, 1986.
  135. [WD97]  Wood, A., Dey, A., Abowd, G.: Cyberdesk: Automated Integration of Desktop and Network Services. In: Proc. of the Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 97), pp. 552–553, ACM Press (1997)
  136. [WP17]. B. Weyers, P. Palanque, J. Bowen and A. Dix (eds).  The Handbook on Formal Methods in Human Computer Interaction. Spronger. 2017 (forthcoming).

 

 

 

 


http://www.hcibook.com/alan/papers/JVLC-2016-HCI-FNP/

Alan Dix 20/7/2016