{"id":270,"date":"2023-12-31T19:06:00","date_gmt":"2023-12-31T19:06:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alandix.com\/aibook\/?page_id=270"},"modified":"2023-12-31T19:06:00","modified_gmt":"2023-12-31T19:06:00","slug":"chap21","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/alandix.com\/aibook\/second-edition\/toc2e\/chap21\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 21 \u2013 Explainable AI"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"embedurl\" data-url=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/books\/aibook\/content\/chaps\/chap21.html\" ><!--  Chapter 21 Explainable AI  -->\n\n<script>\nvar chapnos = 21;\nvar json_url = \"https:\\\/\\\/alandix.com\\\/books\\\/aibook\\\/content\\\/chaps\\\/chap21.json\";\n<\/script>\n\n\n\n\n\t<object style=\"width:100%; aspect-ratio: 10 \/ 7;\" type=\"application\/pdf\" data=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/books\/aibook\/content\/slides-pdf\/AI-chap-21.pdf\"><\/object>\n\t<p> Download <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/books\/aibook\/content\/slides-pptx\/AI-chap-21.pptx\" download>chapter slides<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<h3> Contents <\/h3>\n<div class=\"toc\">\n<dl>\n<dt>21.1&nbsp;&nbsp;Overview<\/dt>\n<dt>21.2&nbsp;&nbsp;Introduction<\/dt><dd><dl>\n<dt>21.2.1&nbsp;&nbsp;Why We Need Explainable AI<\/dt>\n<dt>21.2.2&nbsp;&nbsp;Is Explainable AI Possible?<\/dt>\n<\/dl><\/dd>\n<dt>21.3&nbsp;&nbsp;An Example -- Query-by-Browsing<\/dt><dd><dl>\n<dt>21.3.1&nbsp;&nbsp;The Problem<\/dt>\n<dt>21.3.2&nbsp;&nbsp;A Solution<\/dt>\n<dt>21.3.3&nbsp;&nbsp;How It Works<\/dt>\n<\/dl><\/dd>\n<dt>21.4&nbsp;&nbsp;Human Explanation -- Sufficient Reason<\/dt>\n<dt>21.5&nbsp;&nbsp;Local and Global Explanations<\/dt><dd><dl>\n<dt>21.5.1&nbsp;&nbsp;Decision Trees -- Easier Explanations<\/dt>\n<dt>21.5.2&nbsp;&nbsp;Black-box -- Sensitivity and Perturbations<\/dt>\n<\/dl><\/dd>\n<dt>21.6&nbsp;&nbsp;Heuristics for Explanation<\/dt><dd><dl>\n<dt>21.6.1&nbsp;&nbsp;White-box Techniques<\/dt>\n<dt>21.6.2&nbsp;&nbsp;Black-box Techniques<\/dt>\n<dt>21.6.3&nbsp;&nbsp;Grey-box Techniques<\/dt>\n<\/dl><\/dd>\n<dt>21.7&nbsp;&nbsp;Summary<\/dt>\n<\/dl><\/div>\n\n\n<h3> Glossary items referenced in this chapter <\/h3>\n<div class=\"toc\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/accuracy\">accuracy<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/adversarial%20learning\">adversarial learning<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/autonomous%20car\">autonomous car<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/backpropagation\">backpropagation<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/base%20rate\">base rate<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/bias\">bias<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/big%20data\">big data<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/black-box%20machine%20learning\">black-box machine learning<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/boolean%20network\">Boolean network<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/boundary%20example\">boundary example<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/cambridge%20analytica%20scandal\">Cambridge Analytica scandal<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/central%20example\">central example<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/chi-squared\">Chi squared<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/classification\">classification<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/clustering\">clustering<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/common%20ground\">common ground<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/contingency%20table\">contingency table<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/database\">database<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/database%20query\">database query<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/decision%20tree\">decision tree<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/deep%20neural%20network\">deep neural network<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/divide%20and%20conquer\">divide and conquer<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/entropy\">entropy<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/expert%20system\">expert system<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/explainable%20ai\">explainable AI<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/extensional%20representation\">extensional representation<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/fitness%20function\">fitness function<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/forward%20reasoning\">forward reasoning<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/generative%20adversarial%20network\">generative adversarial network<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/genetic%20algorithm\">genetic algorithm<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/gig%20economy\">gig economy<\/a>, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/grey-box%20techniques\">grey-box techniques<\/a><\/strong>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/grice%27s%20conversational%20maxims\">Grice&#039;s conversational maxims<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/heuristic%20evaluation%20function\">heuristic evaluation function<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/hotspot%20analysis\">hotspot analysis<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/human%20insight\">human insight<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/id3\">ID3<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/image%20recognition\">image recognition<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/information%20visualisation\">information visualisation<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/intentional%20representation\">intentional representation<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/latent%20space\">latent space<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/lime\">LIME<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/logic\">logic<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/machine%20learning\">machine learning<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/neural%20network\">neural network<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/open%20source\">open source<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/overfitting\">overfitting<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/penumbra\">penumbra<\/a>, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/perturbation%20techniques\">perturbation techniques<\/a><\/strong>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/pinch-point%20layer\">pinch-point layer<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/probability\">probability<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/query-by-browsing\">Query-by-Browsing<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/recommender%20systems\">recommender systems<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/relevance%20feedback\">relevance feedback<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/search%20engine\">search engine<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/self-organising%20map\">self-organising map<\/a>, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/sensitivity%20analysis\">sensitivity analysis<\/a><\/strong>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/shap\">SHAP<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/sigmoid%20activation%20function\">sigmoid activation function<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/sigmoid%20function\">sigmoid function<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/similarity%20matrix\">similarity matrix<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/similarity%20measure\">similarity measure<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/social%20media\">social media<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/social%20media%20bots\">social media bots<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/sub-symbolic%20systems\">sub-symbolic systems<\/a>, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/sufficient%20reason\">sufficient reason<\/a><\/strong>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/symbolic%20systems\">symbolic systems<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/threshold\">threshold<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/transparency\">transparency<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/trust\">trust<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/visualisation\">visualisation<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/white-box%20model\">white-box model<\/a>, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/white-box%20techniques\">white-box techniques<\/a><\/strong>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/word2vec\">word2vec<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":221,"menu_order":21,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-270","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/alandix.com\/aibook\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/270","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/alandix.com\/aibook\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/alandix.com\/aibook\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alandix.com\/aibook\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alandix.com\/aibook\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=270"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/alandix.com\/aibook\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/270\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":311,"href":"https:\/\/alandix.com\/aibook\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/270\/revisions\/311"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alandix.com\/aibook\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/221"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/alandix.com\/aibook\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=270"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}