{"id":274,"date":"2023-12-31T19:06:16","date_gmt":"2023-12-31T19:06:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alandix.com\/aibook\/?page_id=274"},"modified":"2023-12-31T19:06:16","modified_gmt":"2023-12-31T19:06:16","slug":"chap23","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/alandix.com\/aibook\/second-edition\/toc2e\/chap23\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 23 \u2013 Philosophical, ethical and social issues"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"embedurl\" data-url=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/books\/aibook\/content\/chaps\/chap23.html\" ><!--  Chapter 23 Philosophical, Ethical and Social Issues  -->\n\n<script>\nvar chapnos = 23;\nvar json_url = \"https:\\\/\\\/alandix.com\\\/books\\\/aibook\\\/content\\\/chaps\\\/chap23.json\";\n<\/script>\n\n\n\n\n\t<object style=\"width:100%; aspect-ratio: 10 \/ 7;\" type=\"application\/pdf\" data=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/books\/aibook\/content\/slides-pdf\/AI-chap-23.pdf\"><\/object>\n\t<p> Download <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/books\/aibook\/content\/slides-pptx\/AI-chap-23.pptx\" download>chapter slides<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<h3> Contents <\/h3>\n<div class=\"toc\">\n<dl>\n<dt>23.1&nbsp;&nbsp;Overview<\/dt>\n<dt>23.2&nbsp;&nbsp;The Limits of AI<\/dt><dd><dl>\n<dt>23.2.1&nbsp;&nbsp;Intelligent Machines or Engineering Tools?<\/dt>\n<dt>23.2.2&nbsp;&nbsp;What Is Intelligence?<\/dt>\n<dt>23.2.3&nbsp;&nbsp;Computational argument vs.\\ Searle&#039;s Chinese Room<\/dt>\n<\/dl><\/dd>\n<dt>23.3&nbsp;&nbsp;Creativity<\/dt><dd><dl>\n<dt>23.3.1&nbsp;&nbsp;The Creative Process<\/dt>\n<dt>23.3.2&nbsp;&nbsp;Generate and Filter<\/dt>\n<dt>23.3.3&nbsp;&nbsp;The Critical Edge<\/dt>\n<dt>23.3.4&nbsp;&nbsp;Impact on Creative Professionals<\/dt>\n<\/dl><\/dd>\n<dt>23.4&nbsp;&nbsp;Consciousness<\/dt><dd><dl>\n<dt>23.4.1&nbsp;&nbsp;Defining Consciousness<\/dt>\n<dt>23.4.2&nbsp;&nbsp;Dualism and Materialism<\/dt>\n<dt>23.4.3&nbsp;&nbsp;The Hard Problem of Consciousness<\/dt>\n<\/dl><\/dd>\n<dt>23.5&nbsp;&nbsp;Morality of the Artificial<\/dt><dd><dl>\n<dt>23.5.1&nbsp;&nbsp;Morally Neutral<\/dt>\n<dt>23.5.2&nbsp;&nbsp;Who Is Responsible? <\/dt>\n<dt>23.5.3&nbsp;&nbsp;Life or Death Decisions<\/dt>\n<dt>23.5.4&nbsp;&nbsp;The Special Ethics of AI<\/dt>\n<\/dl><\/dd>\n<dt>23.6&nbsp;&nbsp;Society and Work<\/dt><dd><dl>\n<dt>23.6.1&nbsp;&nbsp;Humanising AI or Dehumanising People<\/dt>\n<dt>23.6.2&nbsp;&nbsp;Top-down: Algorithms Grading Students<\/dt>\n<dt>23.6.3&nbsp;&nbsp;Bottom-up: When AI Ruled France<\/dt>\n<dt>23.6.4&nbsp;&nbsp;AI and Work<\/dt>\n<\/dl><\/dd>\n<dt>23.7&nbsp;&nbsp;Money and Power<\/dt><dd><dl>\n<dt>23.7.1&nbsp;&nbsp;Finance and Markets<\/dt>\n<dt>23.7.2&nbsp;&nbsp;Advertising and Runaway AI<\/dt>\n<dt>23.7.3&nbsp;&nbsp;Big AI: The Environment and Social Impact<\/dt>\n<\/dl><\/dd>\n<dt>23.8&nbsp;&nbsp;Summary<\/dt>\n<\/dl><\/div>\n\n\n<h3> Glossary items referenced in this chapter <\/h3>\n<div class=\"toc\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/accountability\">accountability<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/accuracy\">accuracy<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/adversarial%20learning\">adversarial learning<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/agents%21embodied\">agents!embodied<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/ai%20arms%20race\">AI arms race<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/alphafold\">AlphaFold<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/area%20framework\">AREA framework<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/artificial%20neural%20networks\">artificial neural networks<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/asimov%2C%20isaac\">Asimov, Isaac<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/automation%20bias\">automation bias<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/autonomous%20car\">autonomous car<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/autonomous%20vehicle\">autonomous vehicle<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/autonomous%20weapons\">autonomous weapons<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/bias\">bias<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/boden-margaret\">Boden, Margaret<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/brain%20architecture\">brain architecture<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/chatbot\">chatbot<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/chinese%20room%20argument\">Chinese room argument<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/compas\">COMPAS<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/computational%20argument\">computational argument<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/computer%20vision\">computer vision<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/consciousness\">consciousness<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/creativity\">creativity<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/damasio%2C%20antonio\">Damasio, Antonio<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/deep%20neural%20network\">deep neural network<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/deepseek\">DeepSeek<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/descartes%2C%20rene\">Descartes, R&amp;eacute;ne<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/design%20fiction\">design fiction<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/deterministic%20algorithms\">deterministic algorithms<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/dimension%20reduction\">dimension reduction<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/dreyfus%2C%20hubert\">Dreyfus, Hubert<\/a>, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/dualism\">dualism<\/a><\/strong>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/eliza\">ELIZA<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/emotion\">emotion<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/empathy\">empathy<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/epiphenomenon\">epiphenomenon<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/expert%20system\">expert system<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/explainable%20ai\">explainable AI<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/facebook\">Facebook<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/feedback%20phenomena\">feedback phenomena<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/foundation%20models\">foundation models<\/a>, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/generate%20and%20filter\">generate and filter<\/a><\/strong>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/generate%20and%20test\">generate and test<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/generative%20ai\">generative AI<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/gig%20economy\">gig economy<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/glial%20cells\">glial cells<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/global%20synchronisation%20of%20oscillations\">global synchronisation of oscillations<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/global%20workspace%20theory\">global workspace theory<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/google\">Google<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/google%20search\">Google search<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/gpt-4\">GPT-4<\/a>, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/hard%20problem%20of%20consciousness\">hard problem of consciousness<\/a><\/strong>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/history%20of%20ai\">history of AI<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/human%20computers\">human computers<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/human%20intelligence\">human intelligence<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/human%20intelligence%21computational%20view\">human intelligence!computational view<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/human-in-the-loop\">human-in-the-loop<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/image%20recognition\">image recognition<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/imagination\">imagination<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/information%20processing\">information processing<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/intellectual%20property\">intellectual property<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/intentionality\">intentionality<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/internet%20of%20things\">internet of things<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/knowledge%20engineer\">knowledge engineer<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/lamda\">LaMDA <\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/large%20language%20model\">large language model<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/laws%20of%20robotics\">laws of robotics<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/lemoine%2C%20blake\">Lemoine, Blake<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/ligo\">LiGO<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/llama\">LLaMA<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/lora\">LoRA<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/machine%20learning\">machine learning<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/mapreduce\">MapReduce<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/memory%20layers\">memory layers<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/microtubules\">microtubules<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/mixture-of-experts\">mixture-of-experts<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/natural%20language%20processing\">natural language processing<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/natural%20selection\">natural selection<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/neural%20correlates%20of%20consciousness\">neural correlates of consciousness<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/neural%20network\">neural network<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/neurone\">neurone<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/penrose%2C%20roger\">Penrose, Roger<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/phenomenological\">phenomenological<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/philosophical%20issues%20of%20ai\">philosophical issues of AI<\/a>, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/physicalism\">physicalism<\/a><\/strong>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/positive%20feedback\">positive feedback<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/pragmatic%20approach%20to%20ai\">pragmatic approach to AI<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/prisoner%27s%20dilemma\">prisoner&#039;s dilemma<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/qualia\">qualia<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/recidivism\">recidivism<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/res%20cogitans\">res cogitans<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/res%20extensa\">res extensa<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/responsibility\">responsibility<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/responsible%20innovation\">responsible innovation<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/robotics\">robotics<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/search%20engine\">search engine<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/searle%2C%20john\">Searle, John<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/sexual%20selection\">sexual selection<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/social%20media\">social media<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/social%20responsibility\">social responsibility<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/strong%20ai\">strong AI<\/a>, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/systems%20response\">systems response<\/a><\/strong>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/technological%20determinism\">technological determinism<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/theory%20of%20mind\">theory of mind<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/thought%20experiment\">thought experiment<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/transformer%20model\">transformer model<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/transparency\">transparency<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/trend%20removal\">trend removal<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/trolley%20problem\">trolley problem<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/turing%20test\">Turing test<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/turing%2C%20alan\">Turing, Alan<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/underdetermined\">underdetermined<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/unintended%20bias\">unintended bias<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/weak%20ai\">weak AI<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/web%20search\">web search<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/weizenbaum%2C%20joseph\">Weizenbaum, Joseph<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/alandix.com\/glossary\/aibook\/zombie%20alice\">Zombie Alice<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":221,"menu_order":23,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-274","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/alandix.com\/aibook\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/274","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/alandix.com\/aibook\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/alandix.com\/aibook\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alandix.com\/aibook\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alandix.com\/aibook\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=274"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/alandix.com\/aibook\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/274\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":313,"href":"https:\/\/alandix.com\/aibook\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/274\/revisions\/313"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alandix.com\/aibook\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/221"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/alandix.com\/aibook\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=274"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}