An analogy is when concept, item or situation is compared with another drawing out parallels. For example, a school teacher with their pupils are like a shepherd herding sheep; in this (implicitluy) the teacher is in the position of the shepherd and pupils rleated to the sheep. There are usually limits beyind which the analogy does not hold, for example, one would not expect school childrden to grow wool. Analogies are used as part of human reasoning to suggest potential solutions; and forms of this process can be adopted in AI systems during reasoning by analogy. Case-based reasoning systems may use reasoning by analogy to transform past cases.
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