Dualism is the philosophy of mind is the idea that the human mind requires requires additonal type of material, process or substance beyond the physical state of the brain. Notably, Descartes, Réne refered to this as res cogitans. Hwever, the vast majority of ohilisophers believe that everything can be explained by the physical processes within the brain, a postionc called physicalism or materialism. Thsi is important for propoennts of strong AI as dulaism would mean it would never be possible to have human-like intelligence withiut this additional nonphyiscal res cogitans.
Defined on page 560
Used on Chap. 23: page 560
Links:
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Dualism