ECG

Page numbers are for draft copy at present; they will be replaced with correct numbers when final book is formatted. Chapter numbers are correct and will not change now.

An ECG (electo-cardiogram) is a device to measure electrical activity in the heart. The output is the heart beat trace that you will have seen in medical dramas. Analysing an ECG is challenging for time-series methods as it consist of bursts of actuvity (the heart beat) where the shape of each burst and the spacing between them are each important. Furthernore the detailed shape of each burst and the length also vary. Traditional time-series analysis methods prefer data that is more uniform in structure (even if stochastic), as do some neural metods. Some form of multi-level analysis is typically required either explicitly by applying different methods to separate the trace into components and then analyse each, or implicitly, for example in the layers of a deep neural network.

Used on Chap. 8: page 157; Chap. 9: pages 194, 195; Chap. 10: page 203; Chap. 14: pages 319, 320, 338; Chap. 18: pages 437, 441, 444