A form of cherry picking where the initial hypothesis is replaced by one suggested by a pattern in the data. Although this may be less than ideal it is pragmatically necessary in some contexts. However, where a post-hoc hypothesis is used its use should be openly acknowledged and any potential impact on results should be assessed.
Used in pages 82, 83, 88, 92, 100
Also known as: post-hoc hypotheses, post-hoc hypothesis testing