DUMFRIES HOUSE, a seat of the Marquis of Bute, who also is Earl of Dumfries, on Lugar river, in Old Cumnock parish, Ayrshire.

DUMFRIES ST. MARY, quoad sacra parish, with church, in Dumfries. Pop. 6764.

DUMFRIESSHIRE, border county, bounded by Kirkcudbrightshire, Ayrshire, Lanarkshire, Peeblesshire, Selkirkshire, Roxburghshire, England, and the Solway Firth. Its length is 55 miles ; its breadth 32 miles ; its coast-line 22 miles ; its circuit about 177 miles ; its area 1103 square miles. Its outline is irregularly ellipsoidal, with the greater diameter in a direction nearly south-east-by-east. Its surface, in a general view, is a broad mountainous border cloven with vales, a central plain intersected by hills, and a low flat seaboard partly occupied by Lochar moss. The mountains rise to watersheds with all the contiguous Scottish counties; include whole or part of the largest masses and loftiest summits of the Southern Highlands ; are mostly acclivi-tous, and either conical, round-backed, or tabular; and have none of the craggy, rugged, peaked features so common among the Grampians. The central region exhibits every variety of dell, valley, slope, undulation, brae, hill-ridge, and moorland, and forms many a charming landscape. The seaboard is remarkable for luxuriant corn-land, partly for reclamations on Solway moss, partly for the features graphic-ally described in Sir Walter Scott's Red-gauntlet. The chief rivers are the Nith, the Annan, and the Esk; and these occasion the county to be divided, in popular nomenclature, into the 3 districts of Nithsdale, Annandale, and Eskdale. The principal lakes are the group around Lochmaben. The chief useful minerals are red sandstone, limestone, a little coal, and some iron-ore. Agricultural improvement was scarcely known till 1760, but eventually made rapid progress, and is now highly advanced. Commerce is comparatively limited, and deals mainly in the export of land produce. Manufactures also are limited, but have latterly become prominent in woollens in Dumfries. The towns with each more than 2000 inhabitants are Dumfries, Annan, and Langholm ; the towns with each more than 1000 are Lockerby, Moffat, Lochmaben, Sanquhar, and Thornhill ; and the principal villages are Minniehive, Wanlockhead, Ecclefechan, Eaglesfield, Gasstown, Kirkconnel, Collin, Bridekirk, Hightae, Penpont, Park, Springfield, and Stoop. The county was inhabited by the Caledonian Selgovse, retains many monuments of their conquest by the Romans, was largely overrun by the Scoto-Irish or Dalriadans, figured much in the Saxon invasion, the wars of the Succession, the wars with England, and the Border feuds, and has numerous monuments of all the times down to those of the feudal. Real property in 1880-81, 546,609. Pop. in 1871, 74,808 ; in 1881, 76,124.

DUMGREE, old parish, now united chiefly to Kirkpatrick-Juxfca and partly to Johnstone, Dumfriesshire. It has a public school.

DUMROOF, sandbank in Solway Firth, 6J miles south-south-west of Southerness, Kirkcudbrightshire.

DUN, parish, containing Bridge of Dun railway station, in north-east of Forfarshire. Its post town is Montrose. Its length is 5 miles ; its extreme breadth nearly 3 miles ; its area 4306 acres. Real property in 1880-81, 9840. Pop. 541. The South Esk and Montrose lagoon form the southern boundary. The surface is low and flat adjacent to these, rises gently and gradually thence to about the centre, and is flat toward the north. Dun's Dish is a lake of about 40 acres. Dun House is a chief residence. The public school has about 126 scholars.

DUNACHTON, estate in Alvie parish, Inverness-shire.

DUNAGOIL, small bay and headland, with traces of vitrified fort, in south-west of Bute Island, Buteshire.

DUNAIN, seat and quondam fortalice in Inverness parish, Inverness-shire.

DUNALISTER, hamlet and quondam seat of the Robertsons of Struan, 3 miles west of Tummel-Bridge, Perthshire. The hamlet has a post office with telegraph designated of Perthshire.

DUNAMARLE, quondam castle on site of Castlehill House, in vicinity of Culross, Perthshire. It belonged to the Thanes of Fife, and was the place of the murder of Lady Macduff by order of Macbeth.

DUNAN, bold promontory in Lochbroom parish, Ross-shire.

DUNAN-RANNOCH, place of sanguinary clan fight in Fortingal parish, Perthshire.

DUNANS, seat near head of Glendaruel, in Cowal, Argyleshire.

DUNARDARY, hill in North Knapdale parish, Argyleshire.

DUNAVERTY, bay, village, and pyramidal headland at southern extremity of Kintyre, Argyleshire. A strong castle of the Lords of the Isles stood on the head-land, gave refuge to Robert Bruce, suffered siege and capture by General Leslie, and has been almost wholly effaced.

DUNBAR, town and parish on east coast of Haddingtonshire. The town stands adjacent to rocky shore and sea crags, 29^ miles east of Edinburgh ; dates from at least the middle of 9th century ; became the seat of the immigrant Northumbrian prince, Cospatrick, in the time of Malcolm Canmore ; acquired then the basement of a great castle, so arranged as to be palatial, and so strong as to be deemed impregnable ; was the scene of many martial exploits in connection with that castle ; gave name to two great battles fought near it in 1296 and 1650 ; was the landing-place of Sir John Cope in 1745 on eve of the battle of Prestonpans; retains little trace of antiquity except remnants of its castle ; ranks as a seaport and a royal and parliamentary burgh ; unites with Haddington, North Berwick, Lauder, and Jedburgh in sending a member to Parliament ; com-prises a spacious, well-built, principal street, and parallel smaller ones ; and has a head post office with all departments, a fine railway station, 3 banking offices, 2 hotels, assembly rooms, a quondam noble mansion, now a barrack, an artificial harbour, serving for both commerce and refuge, recently-formed waterworks, an elegant parochial church, a Free church, 2 United Presbyterian churches, Wesleyan and Episcopalian churches, and 3 public schools ; and gave the title of earl to the descendants of Cospatrick till 1435, the same title to George Home from 1605 till 1611, and the title of viscount to the family of Constable from 1620 till 1721. Keal property in 1880-81, 13,749. Pop. 3657. The castle stood on a lofty, rugged sea-rock, at north end of the town ; went to the Crown by forfeiture in 1435 ; was afterwards the occasional residence of several kings, the death place of the queen of James I., and at different times the residence, the refuge, and the prison of Queen Mary ; underwent extensive demolition, by order of Parliament, in 1567 ; and is now represented by some strong defaced ruins, which Sir Walter Scott described in his Provincial Antiquities. The parish contains also the villages of Belhaven, East Barns, and West Barns, and comprises a main body and a detached district. The main body extends 6f miles along the coast, and is from about 1 mile to 3J miles broad. The detached district commences about 4| miles south-west of the town, lies wholly among the Lammermoors, and measures about 4 miles by 2|. Acres of the whole, 7497. Real property, inclusive of the burgh, in 1880-81, 37,380. Pop., quoad civilia, 5396; quoad sacra, 4041. The surface of the main body ascends gradually from the sea toward the Lammermoors, rises nowhere higher than about 700 feet, presents a pleasing variety of hill and dale, and is noted for the fertility of its soil. The chief residences are Broxmouth Park, Lochend, Belton, and Heatherwick. A quoad sacra parish church is at Belhaven. 9 schools for 1210 scholars are within the quoad civilia parish, and 1 of them and enlargements for 475 are new.