PENIELHEUGH, isolated hill, 624 feet high, on left side of the Teviot, 3J miles north of Jedburgh, Roxburghshire. It has vestiges of two Roman camps, and is crowned by cylindrical column, 150 feet high, commemorative of the peace won at Waterloo.
PENKILL, seat in Dailly parish, Ayrshire.
PENKILL, Kirkcudbrightshire.
PENKILN, farm, with ancient burying-ground and ruined ancient church, in Sorbie parish, "Wigtonshire.
PENMANSHIEL, estate, with railway tunnel 780 feet long, on south border of Cockburnspath parish, Berwickshire.
PENNAN, burn, bay, and fishing village in Aberdour parish, Aberdeenshire. Pop. 279.
PENNERSAUGHS, ancient parish, now part of Middlebie, Dumfriesshire.
PENNINGHAM, parish, containing Newton-Stewart town, on north-east border of Wigtonshire. Its length is 15 miles ; its greatest breadth 6J miles ; its area 33,448 acres. Real property in 1880-81, 22,536. Pop., quoad civilia, 3940; quoad sacra, 3777. The surface extends from boundary with Ayrshire southward between rivers Cree and Bladenoch ; is mostly tumulated and moorish ; presents almost everywhere a bleak appearance ; and includes, in the south-east, an extensive moss. A chief residence is Penningham House ; others are Corsbie, Corvisal, and Merton Hall ; and chief antiquities are ruins of Castle-Stewart, an ancient chapel, and an old parochial church. The places of worship are Established, Free, United Presbyterian, Episcopalian, and Roman Catholic, all in Newton-Stewart. There are 11 schools for 989 scholars, and 1 of them for 135 is new.
PENNIWHIGATE, affluent of Gala river at Stow village, Edinburghshire.
PENNON.
PENNYCROSS, seat in Kilfinichen parish, Mull Island, Argyleshire.
PENNYCUICK.
PENNYGHAEL, place in south-west of Mull Island, Argyleshire. It has a post office under Oban.
PENNYGOWAN, bay. south-south-east of Aros, on east coast of Mull Island, Argyleshire.
PENNYMORE, seat on Loch Fyne, 6 miles south-west of Inverary, Argyleshire.
PENNYMUIR, place of Border trysts, with camp on Roman road, in east of Oxnam parish, Roxburghshire.
PENPONT, village and parish in Upper Xithsdale, Dumfriesshire. The village stands on Scarr rivulet, 2 miles west-south-west of Thornhill ; had a Roman bridge, destroyed in 1801 ; and has now a post office, with money order and telegraph departments, under Thornhill, a parochial church, 2 Free churches, a Reformed Presbyterian church, and a public school with about 137 scholars. Pop. 437. The parish contains also Burnhead hamlet, measures 13 miles by 4, and comprises 21,961 acres. Real property in 1880-81, 8667. Pop. 1176. The western half ' contains numerous hills, variously smooth and rugged, ascends to watersheds with summits 1657 and 1813 feet high, and is altogether pastoral ; and the eastern half has diversity of surface, with very little I flat or low ground, includes part of Drum-j lanrig ducal park, and exhibits a charming appearance. Chief summits in the west are the picturesque ones of Glenquhargen and Cairnkinna ; and chief antiquities are Tibbers Castle, traces of a Roman cause-way, vestiges of a Roman camp, four large cairns, two moats, and a pedimented, faintly-sculptured obelisk. A United Pns-byterian church is at Burnhead ; and 3 schools, with capacity for 233 scholars, are in the parish.
PENRIA, hill, with ancient circular fortification, in Newlands parish, Peeblesshire.
PENRIOCH, place, with public school, in Kilmorie parish, Arran Island, Buteshire.
PENSHIEL, ancient chapelry, with ruined baronial residence, in Whittingham parish, Haddingtonshire.
PENSTON, village in centre of rich coal-field, 3 miles east of Tranent, Haddingtou-shire.
PENTECOX, hamlet in Newton parish, Edinburgh shire.
PENTLAND, two hamlets and ancient parish in Edinburghshire, and hill-range partly also in Peeblesshire. The hamlets are Pentland and New Pentland, and they stand near each other, each about 5J miles south of Edinburgh. The parish was suppressed after the Reformation, and is now divided between Lasswade and Glencross. The hill-range commences suddenly at about 4 miles south-by-west of Edinburgh ; extends about 12 miles south-south-west-ward ; has a mean breadth of about 4 miles ; rises mostly to altitudes of from 1300 to 1839 feet ; is cut by ravines and hollows into numerous sections ; embosoms many a piece of fine close landscape ; contains, near its north end, copious springs and large reservoirs of Edinburgh water-works ; and commands, from that end, magnificent views over Edinburgh and Firth of Forth to distant sky-lines.
PENTLAND, firth and skerries between Scottish mainland and Orkney. The firth is a strait or sound, connecting the German Ocean with the Atlantic ; measures about 17 miles in length, and from 6 to 8 miles in width, but expands at middle of north side into Scalpa Flow; and is swept by such rapid tides and occasional whirlpools as to make large demands on the experience, skill, and vigilance of navigators. The skerries are two islets and some insulated rocks near middle of the firth's east end ; and the largest islet is crowned by two lighthouses, 100 feet apart, with fixed lights visible at the distance of 18 and 19 nautical miles. Pop. 17.
