INVERKEITHING, town and parish on south-west coast of Fife. The town stands on small bay of its own name, 4 miles south-east of Dunfermline; dates from ancient times ; presents a renovated appearance ; ranks as a seaport and a royal burgh ; unites with Dunfermline, Queensferry, Culross, and Stirling in sending a member to Parliament ; carries on considerable trade and commerce ; and has a post office, with money order and telegraph departments, designated of Fifeshire, a railway station, a banking office, a pretty good harbour, a town hall, a corn market, Established and United Presbyterian churches, a large public school, and sites of two ancient monasteries. Real property in 1880-81, 4689. Pop. 1646. The parish contains also Parknook and Hillend villages, small part of Limekilns, and the islets of Inchgarvie and Bimar. Its length, exclusive of the islets, is 5J miles ; its great-est breadth less than 1^ mile ; its area 4482 acres. Eeal property in 1880-81 of landward parts, 8774. Pop., quoad civilia, 2565; quoad sacra, 2506. The surface consists of a low hill-range in the south, a rising-ground in the north, and valley between, and is mostly in a high state of cultivation. A chief object of interest is Kosyth Castle. There are 3 schools for 544 scholars, and 2 of them for 374 are new.
INVERKEITHNIE, village and parish on north-east border of Bam? shire. The village stands on the river Deveron, 7 miles west-south-west of Turriff, and has a post office under Turriff, a parochial church, and a public school. The parish measures 6 miles by 5, and comprises 7641 acres. Real property in 1880-81, 6080. Pop. 909. The surface is diversified by hill and dale, and fully three-fourths of it are arable. There are 2 schools for 230 scholars, and 1 of them for 100 is new.
INVERKINDY, place on the Don, at mutual border of Strathdon and Towie parishes, Aberdeenshire. It has a post office under Aberdeen.
INVERKINLAS, place on Loch Etive, 6 miles above Bunawe, Argyleshire.
INVERKIP.
INVERKIRKAIG, place, with waterfall at mouth of rivulet, on the coast a little south of Lochinver, Sutherland.
INVERLAEL, seat near Ullapool, Ross-shire.
INVERLEITH, northern suburb of Edinburgh. It contains the Botanic Garden.
INVERLEVEN.
INVERLOCHY, two castles, ancient and modern, in south-west end of Great Glen, Inverness-shire. The ancient castle stands on Lochy river, 1 mile north-east of Fort-William; is fabled to have been a royal palace amid a great ancient city of Pictavia ; seems to have really been erected by the English in the time of Edward I. as a partizan stronghold ; was a great quadrangular structure, with round towers at the corners and an encompassing deep wide fosse ; and is now a very striking ruin. The modern castle stands 2 miles north-east of the ruin, and is the seat of Lord Abinger. The battle of Inverlochy, fought in 1645, is narrated, with some variation, in Sir Walter Scott's Legend of Montrose.
INVERMARK, roofless castle of 1526 in centre of Lochlee parish, Forfarshire.
INVERMAY, modern mansion and ruined ancient tower, amid the ' Birks of Invermay ' of popular song, in Forteviot parish, Perthshire.
INVERMORISTON, hamlet and seat at mouth of Glenmoriston, 7 miles north-east of Fort-Augustus, Inverness-shire. The hamlet has an inn and a public school.
INVERNAHAVEN, battlefield between the Mackintoshes and the Camerons, in time of James I., 6 miles south-west of Kingussie, Inverness-shire.
INVERNEH,, seat in South Knapdale parish, Argyleshire.
INVERNESS, town and parish on north-east border of Inverness-shire. The town stands on the river Ness, adjacent to junction of Moray and Beauly Firths, 108 miles west-by-north of Aberdeen; com-prises old town on the right bank and new town on the left ; occupies low ground amid richly diversified and highly picturesque environs ; claims an origin prior to the Christian era, but does not come into view till the times of the Pictavian kingdom, and seems to have been of small con-sequence till the times of the early Scoto-Saxon kings ; possessed long a great palatial castle erected by Malcolm Canmore; figured much in the wars of the Succession, in the contests of the Crown with the Lords of the Isles, and in provincial convulsions north of the Grampians ; was the headquarters of the Jacobites through-out the rebellion of 1745-46 ; had anciently two monasteries and a Lady chapel, obliterated as building material for a great pentagonal fort, erected by Oliver Cromwell at a cost of 80,000 ; retains a souvenir of that fort in what is now called the citadel, contiguous to the harbour; had, till recent times, a peculiar aspect and peculiar manners, but became perfectly assimilated in character to the best provincial towns in the Lowlands ; and, since about 1850 but specially since 1864, has undergone great architectural and economical improvement. It now exhibits much neatness and beauty, extends about a mile beyond both banks of the river, contains a good aggregate of imposing public buildings, and presents strong attractions to tourists and to incoming wealthy residents ; it ranks as a head sea-port, a royal and parliamentary burgh, a seat of justiciary courts, the political capital of Inverness-shire, and the nominal capital of the Highlands; it unites with Fortrose, Nairn, and Forres in sending a member to Parliament; it publishes 2 newspapers thrice a week, 2 others weekly, and 2 magazines monthly; and it has a head post office with all departments, a railway station, the head office of the Caledonian Bank, offices of 7 other banks, 3 large hotels and 6 lesser ones, 3 Established churches, 5 Free churches, an Episcopalian cathedral, Episcopalian, United Presbyterian, Wesleyan, and Koman Catholic churches, an academy, a collegiate school, 4 primary public schools, a free public library, an infirmary, a lunatic asylum, and a number of miscellaneous institutions. The County Buildings were erected in 1835 at a cost of 7500. The New Town Hall was erected in 1877-80 at a cost of 10,000. The New Barracks, about a mile from the town, were projected in 1877, to cost not less than 60,000. The Caledonian Bank is an elegant recent edifice, somewhat resembling the Commercial Bank in Edinburgh. The Railway Station and Hotel were erected in 1876 at a cost of about 12,600, and extended in 1881 at a cost of 6000. The Suspension Bridge, the main communication between the old town and the new, was erected in 1855-56 at a cost of more than 26,000. The Established West church, the Free High and East churches, the Episcopalian and Roman Catholic churches are modern and handsome. The Episcopalian cathedral was erected in 1866-71, is highly ornamental, and has two spires 200 feet high. The Academy is a large well-endowed structure of 1792. The Infirmary was erected in 1804, and com-prises large centre and two wings. The Lunatic Asylum, about 1J mile south-west of the town, was erected in 1857, at a cost of 45,000. The Post Office, the Highland Club, the Imperial Hotel, the Young Men's Christian Association Buildings, and some other edifices are recent and ornamental. The new waterworks, drawing from a lake fully 6 miles distant, and capable of yielding 70 gallons per inhabitant per day, were opened in December 1877. The port has jurisdiction eastward to mouth of the Spey, northward up Dornoch Firth to Bonar-Bridge, south-westward to Fort-William, and northward thence round Skye to Rhustore. The vessels belonging to it at end of 1879 were 119 sailing vessels of 10,654 tons, and 6 steam vessels of 658 tons. Those which entered in 1879 were 2786 British vessels of 295,033 tons, and 73 foreign vessels of 14,088 tons ; and those which cleared were 2719 British vessels of 291,157 tons, and 69 foreign vessels of 13,145 tons. Real property in 1880-81, 76,559. Pop. 17,365. The parish contains also the suburb of Clachnaharry and the villages of Balloch, Culcabock, Hilton, Resandrie, and Smithtown. Its length is about 14 miles ; its mean breadth about 2J miles ; its area 23,573 acres. Real property in 1880-81 of landward part, 26,667. Pop. of the whole, 21,725. The surface consists of the north-easternmost portion of the Great Glen, together with the terminal parts of that glen's hill-screens. This portion of the glen is rich valley, mostly low and smooth, but pleasantly diversified by terrace and hillock. Tomnahurich, an isolated diluvial eminence, about a mile south-west of the town, is adorned with wood, and has a large ornamental recent cemetery. Craigphadrick, the acclivitous termination of the north-west hill flank, about 2 miles west of the town, has a tabular summit at a height of 1150 feet, and is crowned by an extensive double-walled vitrified fort. Chief seats are Muirtown, Raigmore, Darochville, Dochfour, and Culloden ; and chief antiquities, additional to those already noticed, are an ancient Caledonian stone circle, traces of ancient Caledonian fortifications, and three cairns. 24 schools for 3955 scholars are in the parish, and 6 of them and an enlargement for 1200 are new.
