CAIRNFIELD, seat in Rathven parish, Banff shire.

CAIRNGARROCH, bay in Kirkmaiden parish, Wigtonshire.

CAIRNGORMS, alpine mountain group of Central Grampians around meeting-point of Aberdeenshire, Banffshire, and Inverness-shire. They occupy an area of about 140 square miles ; they comprise a number of masses and summits, separated by depressions and glens ; they culminate in Benmacdhu at an altitude of 4296 feet above sea-level ; and they give their name to certain fine rock crystals.

CAIRNGRASSIE, place near Stonehaven, Kincardineshire. It has a post office under Stonehaven.

CAIRNGREGOR, mountain at source of Nairn river, 16 miles south of Inverness.

CAIRNHARROW, hill, 1497 feet high, with extensive fine view, 4 miles south-east of Creetown, Kirkcudbrightshire.

CAIRNHILL, seat near Airdrie, Lanarkshire.

CAIRNHILL, seat near Kilmarnock, Ayrshire.

CAIRNHOLY, tumulus of antiquarian note in Kirkmabreck parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

CAIRNIE, parish, chiefly in Aberdeenshire, and partly in Banffshire. It lies midway between Huntly and Keith, and has a post office under Huntly. Its length is 8 miles ; its greatest breadth nearly 4J miles. Real property in 1880-81 of the Aberdeenshire part, 7701; of the Banffshire part, 912. Pop. 1565 and 60. Some of the surface is low ground, with deep fertile soil ; and some consists of hills, largely covered with plantation. About nine-tenths of the whole belong to the Duke of Richmond. The churches are Established and Free. There are five schools for 310 scholars, and one of them for 70 is new.

CAIRNIE, seat in Kilconquhar parish, Fife.

CAIRNIE, seat in Cupar parish, Fife.

CAIRNIEMOUNT, hill, 1488 feet high, at meeting-point of Fordoun, Fettercairn, and Strachan parishes, Kincardineshire.

CAIRNIES, estate, with Scottish Episcopal college, on the Almond, 10 miles west-north-west of Perth. It has a post office under Perth.

CAIRN-IRENAN, spot of antiquarian interest, giving name by transmutation to Killearnan parish, Ross-shire.

CAIRNISH.

CAIRNKINNA, mountain, 1813 feet high, in Penpont parish, Dumfriesshire.

CAIRNLAW, mountain, 3J miles east-south-east of Tweedsmuir church, Peeblesshire.

CAIRNMONEARN, lofty hill, one of the Grampians, in Durris parish, Kincardineshire.

CAIRNMORE, mountain in Strathdon parish, Aberdeenshire.

CAIRNMORE, large cairn of antiquarian interest in Aboyne parish, Aberdeenshire.

CAIRNMORE, each of two farms named from large cairns in Logie-Coldstone parish, Aberdeenshire.

CAIRNMORE, farm, named from large cairn, in Glass parish, Banffshire.

CAIRNMUIR, cairn, 456 feet in circuit, and 14 feet high, in Caputh parish, Perthshire.

CAIRNMUIR, seat in Kirkurd parish, Peeblesshire.

CAIRN-NA-CUIMHNE, historical cairn, contiguous to narrow pass on the Dee, in Crathie parish, Aberdeenshire.

CAIRNNOVVIE, place in Methlick parish, Aberdeenshire. It has a post office 'under Aberdeen, and a public school with about 95 scholars.

CAIRN-O'-MOUNT.

CAIRNPIOT, hill, 593 feet high, with fine view, and with vestiges of military works, in Portpatrick parish, Wigtonshire.

CAIRNRYAN, seaport village on Loch Ryan, 6 miles north of Stranraer, Wigtonshire. It has a post office under Stranraer, an Established church, and a Free church.

CAIRNS, ruined baronial fortalice in Mid-Calder parish, Edinburghshire.

CAIRNSERY, lake near Poolewe, Ross-shire.

CAIRNSMORE, seat in Minnigaff parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

CAIRNSMUIR, mountain, 2331 feet high, with magnificent view, on mutual border of Minnigaff and Kirkmabreck parishes, Kirkcudbrightshire.

CAIRNSMUIR, mountain, 2612 feet high, in Carsphairn parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

CAIRNTABLE, mountain, 1944 feet high, on mutual border of Muirkirk parish, Ayrshire, and Douglas parish, Lanarkshire.

CAIRNTAGGART, mountain, about 3000 feet high, on mutual border of Crathie and Glenmuick parishes, Aberdeenshire.

CAIRNTOUL, alpine mountain, 4241 feet high, one of the Cairngorms, Aberdeenshire and Inverness-shire.

CAIRNVAICKAN, mountain, 2442 feet high, 3 miles south of Strathdon church, Aberdeenshire.

CAIRNWILLIAM, mountain on mutual border of Tough and Monymusk parishes, Aberdeenshire.

CAIRSTON, place in Stromness parish, Orkney. It gives name to a presbytery of the Established Church.

CAISTEAL-ABHAIL, summit, 2735 feet high, north-west of Goatfell, Arran Island, Buteshire.

CAITESEAL, hill, 1250 feet high, adjacent to Loch Seaforth, Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

CAITHA, hamlet in Stow parish, Edinburghshire. It has a public school with about 46 scholars.

CAITHNESS, county in extreme north-east of mainland of Scotland. Its length is 53 miles ; its greatest breadth 33 miles ; its coast-line 105 miles ; its circuit about 145 miles ; its area 712 square miles. The coast, with exception of that of some bays, is bold and rocky, and in some parts cavernous. The landward border, commencing with the Ord on south-east coast, and terminating 12 miles west-south-west of Thurso on north coast, is nearly all upland, partly mountainous, partly hilly, and attains on one summit an altitude of 2331 feet. The interior, with small exception, is tame low country, either flat or but slightly undulated, and includes a large proportion of deep bog and moorish morass. The chief rivers are the Thurso, the Wick, and the Berriedale; but they have little economical value except for their fish. The lakes are very numerous, but only 3 of them are each more than 1 mile long. Sandstone flag is a principal rock, and is very extensively quarried and exported. Agriculture, especially as viewed under disadvantageous conditions of soil and climate, is highly improved and skilful. The fishing, curing, and exporting of her-ring is a prominent industry. The chief towns are Wick and Thurso ; and the chief villages are Castletown, Lybster, Halkirk, Keiss, and Sarclet. Heal property in 1880-81, 133,922. Pop. in 1871, 39,992 ; in 1881, 38,845.