Chapter 3 – Reasoning

3.1  Overview

3.2  What Is Reasoning?

3.3  Forward and Backward Reasoning

3.4  Reasoning With Uncertainty

3.4.1  Non-monotonic Reasoning

3.4.2  Probabilistic Reasoning

3.4.3  Certainty Factors

3.4.4  Fuzzy Reasoning

3.4.5  Reasoning by Analogy

3.4.6  Case-based Reasoning

3.5  Reasoning Over Networks

3.6  Changing Representations

3.7  Summary

abductive reasoning, analogy, backward reasoning, Bayes Theorem, Bayesian methods, Bayesian network, bottom-up reasoning, case memory, case-based reasoning, certainty factors, concept learning, conditional probability, database, deductive reasoning, derivational analogy, event, expert system, forward reasoning, fuzzy logic, fuzzy reasoning, fuzzy set theory, generalisation, goal state, Google search, hypothesis-driven reasoning, inductive reasoning, knowledge representation, knowledge-based system, logic, machine learning, means-ends analysis, monotonic reasoning, MYCIN, neural network, non-monotonic reasoning, PageRank, probabilistic reasoning, probability, probability table, property inheritance, PROSPECTOR, reasoning by analogy, reasoning over networks, reasoning with uncertainty, reservoir computing, rote learning, salience, search, set theory, spreading activation, standard logic, state space search, syllogism, top-down reasoning, transformational analogy, truth maintenance system, uncertainty