Chapter 13 – Natural language understanding

13.1  Overview

13.2  What Is Natural Language Understanding?

13.3  Why Do We Need Natural Language Understanding?

13.4  Why Is Natural Language Understanding Difficult?

13.5  An Early Attempt at Natural Language Understanding: SHRDLU

13.6  How Does Natural Language Understanding Work?

13.7  Syntactic Analysis

13.7.1  Grammars

13.7.2  An Example: Generating a Grammar Fragment

13.7.3  Transition Networks

13.7.4  Context-sensitive Grammars

13.7.5  Feature Sets

13.7.6  Augmented Transition Networks

13.7.7  Taggers

13.8  Semantic Analysis

13.8.1  Semantic Grammars

13.8.1.1  An Example: A Database Query Interpreter Revisited

13.8.2  Case Grammars

13.9  Pragmatic Analysis

13.9.1  Speech Acts

13.10  Grammar-free Approaches

13.10.1  Template Matching

13.10.2  Keyword Matching

13.10.3  Predictive Methods

13.10.4  Statistical Methods

13.11  Summary

13.12  Solution to SHRDLU Problem

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