Chapter 23 – Philosophical, ethical and social issues

Contents

23.1  Overview
23.2  The Limits of AI
23.2.1  Intelligent Machines or Engineering Tools?
23.2.2  What Is Intelligence?
23.2.3  Computational argument vs.\ Searle's Chinese Room
23.3  Creativity
23.3.1  The Creative Process
23.3.2  Generate and Filter
23.3.3  The Critical Edge
23.3.4  Impact on Creative Professionals
23.4  Consciousness
23.4.1  Defining Consciousness
23.4.2  Dualism and Materialism
23.4.3  The Hard Problem of Consciousness
23.5  Morality of the Artificial
23.5.1  Morally Neutral
23.5.2  Who Is Responsible?
23.5.3  Life or Death Decisions
23.5.4  The Special Ethics of AI
23.6  Society and Work
23.6.1  Humanising AI or Dehumanising People
23.6.2  Top-down: Algorithms Grading Students
23.6.3  Bottom-up: When AI Ruled France
23.6.4  AI and Work
23.7  Money and Power
23.7.1  Finance and Markets
23.7.2  Advertising and Runaway AI
23.7.3  Big AI: The Environment and Social Impact
23.8  Summary

Glossary items referenced in this chapter

accountability, accuracy, adversarial learning, agents!embodied, AI arms race, AlphaFold, AREA framework, artificial neural networks, Asimov, Isaac, automation bias, autonomous car, autonomous vehicle, autonomous vehicles, autonomous weapons, bias, Boden, Margaret, brain architecture, chatbot, Chinese room argument, COMPAS, computational argument, computer vision, consciousness, creativity, Damasio, Antonio, deep neural network, Descartes, Réne, design fiction, deterministic algorithms, dimension reduction, Dreyfus, Hubert, dualism, ELIZA, emotion, empathy, epiphenomenon, expert system, explainable AI, Facebook, feedback phenomena, foundation models, generate and filter, generate and test, generative AI, gig economy, glial cells, global synchronisation of oscillations, global workspace theory, Google, Google search, GPT-4, hard problem of consciousness, history of AI, human computers, human intelligence, human intelligence!computational view, human-in-the-loop, image recognition, imagination, information processing, intellectual property, intentionality, internet of things, knowledge engineer, LaMDA , large language model, laws of robotics, Lemoine, Blake, LiGO, LLaMA, LoRA, machine learning, MapReduce, Microsoft, microtubules, natural language processing, natural selection, neural correlates of consciousness, neural network, neurone, Penrose, Roger, phenomenological, philosophical issues of AI, physicalism, positive feedback, pragmatic approach to AI, prisoner's dilemma, qualia, recidivism, res cogitans, res extensa, responsibility, responsible innovation, robotics, search engine, Searle, John, sexual selection, social media, social responsibility, strong AI, systems response, technological determinism, theory of mind, thought experiment, transformer model, transparency, trend removal, trolley problem, Turing test, Turing, Alan, underdetermined, unintended bias, weak AI, web search, Weizenbaum, Joseph, Zombie Alice